Autism new facts
1) Autism is NOT caused by vaccination
( A physician named Andrew Wakefield published faked data to suggest this, and it was controversial for years.
He has now lost his license, and experts now agree there is no proof that autism and vaccinations are connected ). None. Not even a little bit.
2) Children with autism have bigger brains
3) Autism can be diagnosed with a questionnaire. The latest questionnaire is only correct three times out of four, but helps diagnose autism at age 6 - 24 months. Typically autism is not diagnosed until around age 6
4) Here is that questionnaire. High scores suggest autism, language delay, or possibly other problems.
Check your kid out, and if you are worried, take him to your doctor for further checking. ( Bring the questions and answers with you. )
( A physician named Andrew Wakefield published faked data to suggest this, and it was controversial for years.
He has now lost his license, and experts now agree there is no proof that autism and vaccinations are connected ). None. Not even a little bit.
2) Children with autism have bigger brains
3) Autism can be diagnosed with a questionnaire. The latest questionnaire is only correct three times out of four, but helps diagnose autism at age 6 - 24 months. Typically autism is not diagnosed until around age 6
4) Here is that questionnaire. High scores suggest autism, language delay, or possibly other problems.
Check your kid out, and if you are worried, take him to your doctor for further checking. ( Bring the questions and answers with you. )
Significant questions
- Do you know when your child is happy and when your child is upset?
- Does your child do things just to get you to laugh?
- Does your child string sounds together, such as uh oh, mamma, gaga, bye-bye?
- When you call your child's name, does he/she respond by looking or turning toward you?
- Does your child wave to greet people?
Ideally the questionnaire should be filled out on all children when they are a year old.
High scores may indicate:
- Autism
- Language Delay
- Developmental Delay
How to score the questionnaire.
This is more complicated than it needs to be, but the scoring details are included below. The score depends on age, and can be influenced by who does the scoring ( parents or others may over score or under score depending on their own biases). But generally the higher the score and the younger the age, the more you should get your child checked by a doctor.
This is more complicated than it needs to be, but the scoring details are included below. The score depends on age, and can be influenced by who does the scoring ( parents or others may over score or under score depending on their own biases). But generally the higher the score and the younger the age, the more you should get your child checked by a doctor.
Guff that autism families have to put up with
A lot of parents feel guilt about their child's autism. Which is compounded by idiots who compound that guilt by not believing in autism, or by telling parents they could have done something to prevent it.
Of course a lot of people don't believe in psychiatry. (This includes some surgeons.) And a lot of people don't even believe in regular medicine. ( Sometimes called "allopathic medicine", and usually with a sneering voice.)
For some reason the same people that don't believe in the science behind autism and medicine DO believe in crop circles, tarot readings, and aliens from other galaxies travelling trillions of miles to abduct weird earthlings and do kinky experiments on them.
The moral of all this is that there are a lot of foolish people there. But you don't need to listen to them or believe what they say. One of the most foolish is shown below. He is somewhat famous, but that doesn't make him right.
Of course a lot of people don't believe in psychiatry. (This includes some surgeons.) And a lot of people don't even believe in regular medicine. ( Sometimes called "allopathic medicine", and usually with a sneering voice.)
For some reason the same people that don't believe in the science behind autism and medicine DO believe in crop circles, tarot readings, and aliens from other galaxies travelling trillions of miles to abduct weird earthlings and do kinky experiments on them.
The moral of all this is that there are a lot of foolish people there. But you don't need to listen to them or believe what they say. One of the most foolish is shown below. He is somewhat famous, but that doesn't make him right.
What stupid people say about Autism
This is an example of what someone who deals with children and should know better thinks about autism. And he is completely wrong.
Fortunately there are people with similar backgrounds who appreciate the truth about autism.
Among them are Jim Carey ( who Twitted that instead of birthday gifts to him, people should donate to the Autism Society), and Dr. Seuss, who came up with the following quotation.
Fortunately there are people with similar backgrounds who appreciate the truth about autism.
Among them are Jim Carey ( who Twitted that instead of birthday gifts to him, people should donate to the Autism Society), and Dr. Seuss, who came up with the following quotation.
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Autism and Vaccines
There is no between autism and vaccinations. At all !
All the information connecting autism and vaccines has now been shown to have been a deliberate fraud. ( See above ).
Many parents are worried that some vaccines are not safe and may harm their baby or young child. They may ask their doctor or nurse to wait, or even refuse to have the vaccine. However, it is important to also think about the risks of not having the vaccination.
Some people believe that the small amount of mercury (called thimerosal) that is a common preservative in multidose vaccines causes autism or ADHD. However, studies have NOT shown this risk to be true.
The American Academy of Pediatrics, and The Institute of Medicine (IOM) agree that no vaccine or component of any vaccine is responsible for the number of children who are currently being diagnosed with autism. They conclude that the benefits of vaccines outweigh the risks.
All of the routine childhood vaccines are available in single-dose forms that do not contain added mercury.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website provides further information.
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Autism : Background Information
Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 years of life, and affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Autism is a physical condition linked to abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain. The exact causes of these abnormalities remain unknown, but this is a very active area of research. There are probably a combination of factors that lead to autism.
Genetic factors seem to be important. For example, identical twins are much more likely than fraternal twins or siblings to both have autism. Similarly, language abnormalities are more common in relatives of autistic children. Chromosomal abnormalities and other nervous system (neurological) problems are also more common in families with autism.
A number of other possible causes have been suspected, but not proven. They involve:
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Autism is a physical condition linked to abnormal biology and chemistry in the brain. The exact causes of these abnormalities remain unknown, but this is a very active area of research. There are probably a combination of factors that lead to autism.
Genetic factors seem to be important. For example, identical twins are much more likely than fraternal twins or siblings to both have autism. Similarly, language abnormalities are more common in relatives of autistic children. Chromosomal abnormalities and other nervous system (neurological) problems are also more common in families with autism.
A number of other possible causes have been suspected, but not proven. They involve:
How many children have Autism ?
The exact number of children with autism is not known. A report released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests that autism and related disorders are more common than previously thought. It is unclear whether this is due to an increasing rate of the illness or an increased ability to diagnose the illness.
Autism affects boys 3 - 4 times more often than girls. Family income, education, and lifestyle do not seem to affect the risk of autism.
Some doctors believe the increased incidence in autism is due to newer definitions of autism. The term "autism" now includes a wider spectrum of children. For example, a child who is diagnosed with high-functioning autism today may have been thought to simply be odd or strange 30 years ago.
Other pervasive developmental disorders include:
Autism affects boys 3 - 4 times more often than girls. Family income, education, and lifestyle do not seem to affect the risk of autism.
Some doctors believe the increased incidence in autism is due to newer definitions of autism. The term "autism" now includes a wider spectrum of children. For example, a child who is diagnosed with high-functioning autism today may have been thought to simply be odd or strange 30 years ago.
Other pervasive developmental disorders include:
Symptoms
Most parents of autistic children suspect that something is wrong by the time the child is 18 months old and seek help by the time the child is age 2. Children with autism typically have difficulties in:
- Pretend play
- Social interactions
- Verbal and nonverbal communication
Some children with autism appear normal before age 1 or 2 and then suddenly "regress" and lose language or social skills they had previously gained. This is called the regressive type of autism.
People with autism may:
- Be overly sensitive in sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste (for example, they may refuse to wear "itchy" clothes and become distressed if they are forced to wear the clothes)
- Have unusual distress when routines are changed
- Perform repeated body movements
- Show unusual attachments to objects
The symptoms may vary from moderate to severe.
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Communication problems may include
- Cannot start or maintain a social conversation
- Communicates with gestures instead of words
- Develops language slowly or not at all
- Does not adjust gaze to look at objects that others are looking at
- Does not refer to self correctly (for example, says "you want water" when the child means "I want water")
- Does not point to direct others' attention to objects (occurs in the first 14 months of life)
- Repeats words or memorized passages, such as commercials
- Uses nonsense rhyming
- Does not make friends
- Does not play interactive games
- Is withdrawn
- May not respond to eye contact or smiles, or may avoid eye contact
- May treat others as if they are objects
- Prefers to spend time alone, rather than with others
- Shows a lack of empathy
Response to sensory information:
- Does not startle at loud noises
- Has heightened or low senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste
- May find normal noises painful and hold hands over ears
- May withdraw from physical contact because it is overstimulating or overwhelming
- Rubs surfaces, mouths or licks objects
- Seems to have a heightened or low response to pain
- Doesn't imitate the actions of others
- Prefers solitary or ritualistic play
- Shows little pretend or imaginative play
Behaviours
- "Acts up" with intense tantrums
- Gets stuck on a single topic or task (perseveration)
- Has a short attention span
- Has very narrow interests
- Is overactive or very passive
- Shows aggression to others or self
- Shows a strong need for sameness
- Uses repetitive body movements
Signs and tests:
All children should have routine developmental exams done by their pediatrician. Further testing may be needed if the doctor or parents are concerned. This is particularly true if a child fails to meet any of the following language milestones:
A health care provider experienced in diagnosing and treating autism is usually needed to make the actual diagnosis. Because there is no biological test for autism, the diagnosis will often be based on very specific criteria from a book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV.
An evaluation of autism will often include a complete physical and nervous system (neurologic) examination. It may also include a specific screening tool, such as:
Autism includes a broad spectrum of symptoms. Therefore, a single, brief evaluation cannot predict a child's true abilities. Ideally, a team of different specialists will evaluate the child. They might evaluate:
- Babbling by 12 months
- Gesturing (pointing, waving bye-bye) by 12 months
- Saying single words by 16 months
- Saying two-word spontaneous phrases by 24 months (not just echoing)
- Losing any language or social skills at any age
A health care provider experienced in diagnosing and treating autism is usually needed to make the actual diagnosis. Because there is no biological test for autism, the diagnosis will often be based on very specific criteria from a book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV.
An evaluation of autism will often include a complete physical and nervous system (neurologic) examination. It may also include a specific screening tool, such as:
- Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised (ADI-R)
- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)
- Childhood Autism rating Scale (CARS)
- Gilliam Autism Rating Scale
- Pervasive Developmental Disorders Screening Test - Stage 3
Autism includes a broad spectrum of symptoms. Therefore, a single, brief evaluation cannot predict a child's true abilities. Ideally, a team of different specialists will evaluate the child. They might evaluate:
- Communication
- Language
- Motor skills
- Speech
- Success at school
- Thinking abilities
Treatment
An early, intensive, appropriate treatment program will greatly improve the outlook for most young children with autism. Most programs will build on the interests of the child in a highly structured schedule of constructive activities. Visual aids are often helpful.
Treatment is most successful when it is geared toward the child's particular needs. An experienced specialist or team should design the program for the individual child. A variety of therapies are available, including:
Sensory integration and vision therapy are also common, but there is little research supporting their effectiveness. The best treatment plan may use a combination of techniques.
Treatment is most successful when it is geared toward the child's particular needs. An experienced specialist or team should design the program for the individual child. A variety of therapies are available, including:
Sensory integration and vision therapy are also common, but there is little research supporting their effectiveness. The best treatment plan may use a combination of techniques.
APPLIED BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS (ABA)
This program is for younger children with an autism spectrum disorder. It can be effective in some cases. ABA uses a one-on-one teaching approach that reinforces the practice of various skills. The goal is to get the child close to normal developmental functioning.
ABA programs are usually done in a child's home under the supervision of a behavioral psychologist. These programs can be very expensive and have not been widely adopted by school systems. Parents often must seek funding and staffing from other sources, which can be hard to find in many communities.
TEACCH
Another program is called the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH). TEACCH was developed as a statewide program in North Carolina. It uses picture schedules and other visual cues that help the child work independently and organize and structure their environments.
Though TEACCH tries to improve a child's adaptation and skills, it also accepts the problems associated with autism spectrum disorders. Unlike ABA programs, TEACCH programs do not expect children to achieve typical development with treatment.
MEDICINE
Medicines are often used to treat behavior or emotional problems that people with autism may have, including:
DIET
Some children with autism appear to respond to a gluten-free or casein-free diet. Gluten is found in foods containing wheat, rye, and barley. Casein is found in milk, cheese, and other dairy products. Not all experts agree that dietary changes will make a difference, and not all studies of this method have shown positive results.
If you are considering these or other dietary changes, talk to both a doctor who specializes in the digestive system (gastroenterologist) and a registered dietitian. You want to be sure that the child is still receiving enough calories, nutrients, and a balanced diet.
- Aggression
- Anxiety
- Attention problems
- Extreme compulsions that the child cannot stop
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsiveness
- Irritability
- Mood swings
- Outbursts
- Sleep difficulty
- Tantrums
DIET
Some children with autism appear to respond to a gluten-free or casein-free diet. Gluten is found in foods containing wheat, rye, and barley. Casein is found in milk, cheese, and other dairy products. Not all experts agree that dietary changes will make a difference, and not all studies of this method have shown positive results.
If you are considering these or other dietary changes, talk to both a doctor who specializes in the digestive system (gastroenterologist) and a registered dietitian. You want to be sure that the child is still receiving enough calories, nutrients, and a balanced diet.
OTHER APPROACHES
Beware that there are widely publicized treatments for autism that do not have scientific support, and reports of "miracle cures" that do not live up to expectations. If your child has autism, it may be helpful to talk with other parents of children with autism and autism specialists. Follow the progress of research in this area, which is rapidly developing.
At one time, there was enormous excitement about using secretin infusions. Now, after many studies have been conducted in many laboratories, it's possible that secretin is not effective after all. However, research continues.
Support GroupsFor organizations that can provide additional information and help on autism, see autism resources.
Expectations (prognosis)Autism remains a challenging condition for children and their families, but the outlook today is much better than it was a generation ago. At that time, most people with autism were placed in institutions.
Today, with the right therapy, many of the symptoms of autism can be improved, though most people will have some symptoms throughout their lives. Most people with autism are able to live with their families or in the community.
The outlook depends on the severity of the autism and the level of therapy the person receives.
ComplicationsAutism can be associated with other disorders that affect the brain, such as:
Some people with autism will develop seizures.
The stresses of dealing with autism can lead to social and emotional complications for family and caregivers, as well as the person with autism.
Calling your doctor.
Parents usually suspect that there is a developmental problem long before a diagnosis is made. Call your doctor with any concerns about autism or if you think that your child is not developing normally.
References
- Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2002 Principal Investigators; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders--autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, United States, 2002. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2007 Feb 9;56(1):12-28. [PubMed]
- Johnson CP, Myers SM; American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children with Disabilities. Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2007;120:1183-1215. [PubMed]
- Dover CJ, Le Couteur A. How to diagnose autism. Arch Dis Child. 2007;92:540-545. [PubMed]
- Shah PE, Dalton R, Boris NW. Pervasive developmental disorders and childhood psychosis. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 29.
- Bertoglio K, Hendren RL. New developments in autism. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2009;32:1-14. [PubMed]
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